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HIV and Bone Fractures
HIV-infected patients have a higher prevalence of fractures than non
HIV-infected patients, across both genders and critical fracture
sites according to a new study accepted for publication in The
Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
This data is the first to suggest that there is a clinically
significant increase in bone fractures among HIV-infected patients,
using data from a large healthcare system."
In this study, researchers analyzed data from the Partners
HealthCare System, which includes two primary hospitals, Brigham and
Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital. They studied
fracture diagnoses from 1996 to 2008 in 8,525 HIV-infected patients
and more than 2 million non HIV-infected patients. Dr. Grinspoon and
his colleagues found that overall fracture prevalence increased more
than 60 percent in HIV-infected patients versus non HIV-infected
patients.
The data in this study showed HIV-infected patients had a
significantly higher prevalence of vertebral, hip, wrist, and
combined fractures compare to non HIV-infected patients. Within both
sexes, fracture prevalence was higher in HIV-infected patients for
the majority of sites assessed, across age categories.
The study found the relative difference in fracture prevalence
between HIV-infected patients and non HIV-infected patients
increases with age for both sexes. Therefore, as the HIV-infected
population ages, reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture
risk may become an even greater problem. HIV patients with risk for
low bone density should be assessed and potentially treated to
prevent fractures, and further research is needed into the
mechanisms of bone loss in this population.
Adapted from materials provided by The Endocrine Society, via
EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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New MBI Holds Promise as Breast
Screening Tool
There is a brand new screening tool that researchers say works three
times better than traditional mammography at finding tumors in women who
have dense breast tissue, which regular mammograms have a hard time
detecting, U.S. researchers said on Wednesday.
Mammography, is known as currently a very uncomfortable X-ray of the
breasts. It detects less than a third of the tumors. Researchers are
saying this new technique called molecular breast imaging, or MBI, is
much more precise at looking through dense breast tissue. Doctors are
excited about this new method, and that news excites women more.
This large study was performed involving 940 women, and it should be
noted that this new MBI method is still experimental and not commonly
available to women.
The research was performed on women, considered at high risk for breast
cancer due to a family history of the disease, genetic susceptibility or
other factors, underwent both screening methods.
These women were injected with a radioactive agent that was absorbed by
their breast tissue. Cancer cells are able to absorb more of the agent
than healthy cells then special cameras were used that could tell the
difference between a tumor and surrounding healthy tissue.
Right now researchers aren't saying whether this will replace the
regular yearly mammogram, but they think the MBI will have a place for
women whose mammograms may not provide an accurate assessment.
Among the 940 women, 13 tumors were found in 12 women. MBI found 10 and
mammography found three, the researchers said. It's been noted that
between 10 percent and 15 percent of breast cancers cannot be detected
using mammograms, however the results here clearly show the mammogram
missed more and the MBI has promise.
It is important that tests like these are not one-size-fits-all and
should be directed more to an individual women based on her risk and on
the characteristics of her breasts.
Trans Fat and Colon
Polyps
Trans Fats Linked to Pre-Cancerous Colon Growths
A high intake of trans fats could increase colon cancer risk, according
to new research published in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
People who ate the most trans fatty acids were more likely to have
pre-cancerous growths or polyps in their colons than those who consumed
the least. This information further supports the need to cut back on
trans-fatty foods.
Trans fats are formed by processing vegetable oils to increase their
shelf-life, and are found in many baked goods, crackers, snacks and
other packaged foods. Eating them increases levels of "bad" LDL-cholesterol,
and hence heart disease risk. US food producers are now required to list
the amount of trans fat contained in their products, and health
authorities recommend people avoid eating trans fats entirely.
While there has been little research on whether trans fats boost
colorectal cancer risk, there are many possible ways that they could do
so, for example by changing the normal balance of fatty or bile acids in
the colon.
622 people who had colonoscopies at University of North Carolina
Hospitals in 2001 and 2002 were placed in a study and interviewed about
their diet, physical activity and other health issues within 12 weeks of
having the screening test.
People who took in 6.54 grams daily, were 86 percent more likely to have
colon polyps than those in the bottom percentile for trans fat intake,
for whom median intake was 3.63 g, the researchers found. There appeared
to be a threshold effect, with no increased risk seen for people in the
bottom three quarters of fatty acid consumption.
Among the 38.5 percent of study participants found to have colon polyps,
average trans fatty acid intake was 4.97 g, while most consumed 4.12 g.
Average intakes for people who were free of the colon growths was 4.42
g, while the median was 3.61 g.
These results suggest that consumption of high amounts of trans-fatty
acid may increase the risk of colorectal polyps, the researchers write,
adding that the findings also back current recommendations to limit
trans fat intake.
SOURCE: American Journal of Epidemiology, August 1, 2008. |
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Introduction •
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Erectile Dysfunction & Smoking
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Stories
Society and Sexual Preferences
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The Gap - Yoga & Cancer •
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Featured
Articles - Erectile Dysfunction and Smoking |
Erectile Dysfunction and Smoking
Men who smoke cigarettes run an increased risk of experiencing
erectile dysfunction, and the more cigarettes smoked, the greater
the risk, according to a study by Tulane University researchers
published in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
A team of researchers led by Jiang He, Professor of Epidemiology at
the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,
examined the association between cigarette smoking and erectile
dysfunction in a 2000-2001 study in China involving 7,684 men. The
researchers used questionnaires to assess the status of cigarette
smoking and erectile dysfunction. Those surveyed were men between
the ages of 35-74 who did not have vascular disease.
The team found that there was a significant statistical link between
the number of cigarettes that men smoked and the likelihood they
would experience erectile dysfunction. The association between
smoking and erectile dysfunction was even stronger in participants
with diabetes. An estimated 22.7 percent of erectile dysfunction
cases among Chinese men might be attributable to cigarette smoking,
says the study.
Although erectile dysfunction is not a life-threatening condition,
it compromises well-being and quality of life. The Tulane study
results suggest that smoking prevention should be an important
approach for reducing the risk of erectile dysfunction.
Adapted from materials provided by Tulane University, via
EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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Featured
Videos and Story - Society and Sexual Preferences |
Society and Sexual Preferences
A unique new
study from the Swedish medical university suggests that the attitude of families and the public have little
impact on if adults decide to have sex with persons of the same or
the opposite sex.
Instead, hereditary factors and the individual's
unique experiences have the strongest influence on our choice of
sexual partners.
The study is the largest in the world so far and was performed in
collaboration with the Queen Mary University of London. More than
7,600 Swedish twins (men and women) aged 20-47 years responded to a
2005 - 2006 survey of health, behaviour, and sexuality.
"The results show, that familial and public attitudes might be less
important for our sexual behaviour than previously suggested.
The conclusions apply equally well to why people only have sex with
persons of the opposite sex and to why we have sex with same-sex
partners. However, the conclusions are more difficult to transfer to
countries where non-heterosexual behaviour remains prohibited.
Adapted from materials provided by Karolinska Institutet.
Attitudes Towards Sexual
Relationships Can Be Judged From Photos Of Your Face
Suitors can
tell a young person's attitude to sexual relationships by the look
on their
face, according to new research which gives deeper insight into mate
attractiveness.
The Durham University-led study of 700 heterosexual participants
also found that young men and women look for complete opposites when
it comes to relationships with the other sex.
Men generally prefer women who they perceive are open to short-term
sexual relationships whilst women are usually interested in men who
appear to have potential to be long-term relationship material.
The scientists say the research shows people can use their
perceptions to make more informed partner selection depending on the
type of relationship they are pursuing. The study is a significant
step in further understanding the evolution of partner choice,
according to the research team from Durham, St Andrews and Aberdeen
Universities.
Participants were asked to judge the attractiveness and attitudes to
sex of the opposite sex from their facial photographs. These
perceptual judgments were then compared with the actual attitudes
and behaviors of the individuals in the photographs, which had been
determined through a detailed questionnaire. The people in the
photographs were all in their early 20s.
The experiments found that the men and women taking part could
generally judge from photographs who would be more interested in a
short-term sexual relationship. In the first study sample of 153
participants, 72 per cent of people correctly identified the
attitudes from photographs more than half of the time. However,
further questioning showed that the participants were not always
confident in their judgments.
The research, published in Evolution and Human Behavior, also found
that women who were open to short-term sexual relationships were
usually seen by others as more attractive -- although researchers
can not determine precisely why without further investigation. The
men who were most open to casual sex were generally perceived as
being more masculine-looking, with facial features including squarer
jaws, larger nose and smaller eyes. These findings support previous
research carried out by the Durham team which found that women see
masculine men as more likely to be unfaithful and as worse parents.
The results suggest that although some people can
judge the sexual strategy of others simply from looking at their
face, people are not always sure about their judgments possibly
because the cues are very subtle. Yet preferences for different
types of face were actually quite strong.
This shows that these initial impressions may be part of how we
assess potential mates -- or potential rivals -- when we first meet
them. These will then give way over time to more in depth knowledge
of that person, as you get to know them better, and may change with
age".
Many studies have shown that people can judge a lot about a person
from their face, including things like health and even some
personality traits like introversion, but this really is the first
study to show that people are also sensitive to subtle facial
signals about the type of romantic relationships that others might
enjoy.
Peoples faces do hold cues to sexual attitudes, men should not
presume any kind of relationship is wanted from appearance alone
since women's choice is what matters. Indeed most women found
promiscuous-looking guys unattractive for both short and long-term
relationships.
In the study, participants were shown pairs of photographs or
'averaged' facial images of men and women in their early 20s with
two opposing attitudes to relationships. The participants were asked
to choose the face that they felt would be more open to short-term
sexual relationships, one-night stands and the idea of sex without
love. They were also asked which face they thought was the most
attractive for a long- or short-term relationship, who was more
masculine or feminine, and who they thought was generally
attractive.
This research was funded by the Medical Research Council and the
Economic and Social Research Council.

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| Latest
Medicare / Senior News - 1. The Gap 2. Yoga
and Breast Cancer |
The Gap
In 2007, about 3.4 million Americans enrolled in the Medicare Part D
drug plan reached a gap in their prescription coverage known as the
"doughnut hole," leading some of them to stop taking prescribed
drugs, says a Kaiser Family Foundation study released Thursday.
More informationThe
American Academy of Family Physicians
has more about
Medicare Part D.
Women who take yoga classes during radiation treatment for breast
cancer may function better physically and feel better about their
overall health, according to M.D. Anderson Cancer Center researchers
Yoga and Breast Cancer
The yoga program was designed specifically for breast cancer
patients, emphasizing breathing and relaxation, and excluding some
positions that might be difficult given the patients' possible
weakened range of motion.
After just one week of yoga and radiation, the patients reported
significantly increased physical function, as well as improved
general health, compared to the control group.
The study participants also reported marginally better social
functioning, significantly lower levels of sleep-related daytime
dysfunction, as well as marginally lower levels of fatigue overall.
No differences in the level of depression or anxiety were found
between the two groups.
Source: Medical Week
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Articles
of the Month -
New Concepts in Contraception |
Latest research into dual-purpose contraceptives and non-hormonal
contraception will be
presented August 27 at a major scientific conference in Melbourne.
Professor Aitken, a world-leader in reproductive biology, will
discuss the need to develop novel, safe, effective, dual-purpose
contraceptive agents that combine the prevention of pregnancy with
protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). His
research has explored the development of a contraceptive agent that
immobilizes – but does not kill – sperm. The agent also possesses
microbicidal activity simultaneously reducing the risk of infection
with sexually transmitted diseases, such as Chlamydia.
Adapted from materials provided by University of Newcastle,
Australia.

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Questions, Answers & Special Notes XLPharmacy
- This month: Exercise |
Special Notes:
Be sure to visit
Positive Singles - A place where STD people will never feel
lonely.
Positive Singles is the best, most trusted and largest dating site
for STD singles and friends!
70 million are afflicted with STDs in the U.S. alone and an
estimated over 400 million worldwide. Are you one of them?
When you have Herpes, HPV, HIV/AIDS, or any other STD, it can
feel like you are all alone in the world. Do you wish there was a
place where you didn't have to worry about being rejected or
discriminated?
Positive Singles is a warm-hearted and exclusive community for
singles and friends with STDs. Here you can get on with your life
and meet new friends, partners or potential spouses, or learn about
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_____________________________________________

Thanks for the article on Yoga and breast cancer. Not long ago
I too was diagnosed with a small questionable pencil point size spot
in my left breast. Yoga has definitely helped me keep my sense of
self. If anyone has gone through anything remotely like what I
have or worse, they should try yoga. It's meditative and has
restored in me my sense of self. - Sarah G., Hartland, MI
Wouldn't it be great if they could really come up with a
contraceptive that could prevent pregnancy and protect against STDS?
Thanks for the article. I hope to read more about this in the
future. As advanced as we are as a country, I can't understand
why we have taken so long to even be having this conversation.
This should already be a reality. - Vanessa C., San Diego, CA
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